Yet in the midst of these circumstances, a revival burst forth which came in the form of Pietism. This took place under the pastoral leadership of Philipp Jakob Spener, who introduced small home meetings in 1670, and wrote his seminal work Pia Desideria in 1675. Pietism helped believers recover a personal, experiential relationship with Jesus Christ, and the inward life of the Spirit that Luther had originally known. Jason Hubbard